I don’t know if there is an all inclusive list for all major religions, but hebcal.com has a detailed calendar for Judaism. Not everything on the calendar requires Jews to take time off of work, so further research may be required to get the exact list that you’re looking for. It does give some explanation of each holiday on the site though.
In Benjamin Franklin’s experiments, he came up with the convention that we use today to define a “positive” charge. As it turns out, electrons, discovered much later, are negatively charged according to the convention. Lots of chemical and physical reactions involve electrons as charge carriers, so lots of physical phenomena have this weird opposite thing going on. E.g. electric current or “conventional current” flows in the opposite direction of electron current. Chemical reactions are also weird. Reduction reactions involve a reduction in electric charge, but gaining an electron. The model works just fine, but it can be tricky and/or annoying at times.