Yes, because now you’ve added the critical qualifier “who have ever been on the ballot”. Without that, it doesn’t hold.

No black woman has ever won the election or lost the election, because the set of black women who have ever been on the ballot before is empty.

Not really, since in most (all?) U.S. presidential elections to date there has not been a black woman on the ballot. I think there’s an important semantic difference between losing and not winning. The equal but opposite statement to the OP would be that a black woman has never won the election, which is true.